High Risk Work Licence (HRWL)
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A high risk work licence (HRWL) is an Australian licence that authorises a person to carry out specified high-risk work, such as operating certain cranes, forklifts, hoists, or scaffolding. Each class of work has its own licence, and licences must be held before the work is performed.
A high risk work licence (HRWL) is a licence required under Australian Work Health and Safety law for a person to carry out certain types of high-risk work. Licence classes cover activities such as operating particular cranes, forklifts, elevating work platforms, hoists, pressure equipment, and erecting scaffolding. A worker must hold the correct class of licence before performing that work, and PCBUs must verify it.
When a licence is required
Regulation 81 of the model WHS Regulations says a person must not carry out a class of high risk work unless they hold a high risk work licence for that class, subject to the exceptions in regulation 82. Schedule 3 sets out the classes, and Schedule 4 sets out the qualification, a specified VET course, that each one needs.
Only a person who holds the Schedule 4 qualification may apply (regulation 86), and the regulator must be satisfied the applicant is at least 18 years of age (regulation 89). A licence takes effect on the day it is granted and, unless cancelled earlier, expires 5 years after that day (regulation 92).
A licence granted under a corresponding WHS law in another jurisdiction counts as equivalent while it is used in accordance with its conditions, unless it has been suspended, cancelled or has expired there (regulation 83).
Victoria is not a model WHS state; its duties sit under the Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004. This page is general information, not legal advice: confirm the detail with your state or territory regulator.
Sources: Safe Work Australia: model WHS Regulations (5 December 2025)
The 29 licence classes in Schedule 3
Schedule 3 groups the classes into scaffolding, dogging and rigging, crane and hoist operation, reach stackers, forklift operation and pressure equipment operation. Several classes include the one below them: an advanced scaffolding licence covers intermediate and basic scaffolding work too.
| Licence class | What it covers |
|---|---|
| 1. Basic scaffolding | Modular or prefabricated scaffolds, cantilevered materials hoists with a maximum working load of 500 kg, ropes, gin wheels, safety nets and static lines, and bracket scaffolds (tank and formwork) |
| 2. Intermediate scaffolding | Basic scaffolding, plus cantilevered crane loading platforms, cantilevered and spur scaffolds, barrow ramps and sloping platforms, perimeter safety screens and shutters, mast climbing work platforms, and tube and coupler scaffolds |
| 3. Advanced scaffolding | Intermediate scaffolding, plus cantilevered hoists, hung scaffolds and suspended scaffolds |
| 4. Dogging | Dogging work |
| 5. Basic rigging | Dogging, plus rigging of structural steel, hoists, precast concrete members, safety nets and static lines, mast climbing work platforms, perimeter safety screens and shutters, and cantilevered crane loading platforms |
| 6. Intermediate rigging | Basic rigging, plus hoists with jibs and self-climbing hoists; cranes, conveyors, dredges and excavators; tilt slabs; demolition of structures or plant; and dual lifts |
| 7. Advanced rigging | Intermediate rigging, plus gin poles and shear legs, flying foxes and cable ways, guyed derricks and structures, and suspended and fabricated hung scaffolds |
| 8. Tower crane | Use of a tower crane |
| 9. Self-erecting tower crane | Use of a self-erecting tower crane |
| 10. Derrick crane | Use of a derrick crane |
| 11. Portal boom crane | Use of a portal boom crane |
| 12. Bridge and gantry crane | One controlled from a permanent cabin or control station, or remotely controlled with more than 3 powered operations, including load estimation and slinging |
| 13. Vehicle loading crane | Capacity of 10 metre tonnes or more, including load estimation and slinging |
| 14. Non-slewing mobile crane | Capacity exceeding 3 tonnes |
| 15. Slewing mobile crane, up to 20 tonnes | Capacity of 20 tonnes or less |
| 16. Slewing mobile crane, up to 60 tonnes | Capacity of 60 tonnes or less |
| 17. Slewing mobile crane, up to 100 tonnes | Capacity of 100 tonnes or less |
| 18. Slewing mobile crane, over 100 tonnes | Capacity exceeding 100 tonnes |
| 19. Materials hoist | Use of a materials hoist |
| 20. Personnel and materials hoist | Use of a personnel and materials hoist |
| 21. Boom-type elevating work platform | Boom length of 11 metres or more |
| 22. Concrete placing boom | Use of a concrete placing boom |
| 23. Reach stacker | Over 3 tonnes capacity, with an attachment for lifting, moving and travelling with a shipping container (not a portainer crane) |
| 24. Forklift truck | A forklift truck other than an order-picking forklift truck |
| 25. Order-picking forklift truck | Use of an order-picking forklift truck |
| 26. Standard boiler operation | A boiler with a single fuel source and no pre-heater, superheater or economiser |
| 27. Advanced boiler operation | A boiler, including a standard boiler, that may have multiple fuel sources, a pre-heater, superheater or economiser |
| 28. Steam turbine operation | Output of 500 kW or more and multi-wheeled, capable of over 3,600 rpm, with attached condensers, or with a multi-staged heat exchange extraction process |
| 29. Reciprocating steam engine | Any piston diameter exceeding 250 mm |
High risk work licence classes, Schedule 3 of the model WHS Regulations (5 December 2025)
Two definitions decide whether a licence is needed at all. Scaffolding work means erecting, altering or dismantling a temporary structure from which a person or object could fall more than 4 metres (regulation 5). For a boom-type elevating work platform, the boom length is the greater of the platform floor's height at full extension and its horizontal reach from the centre of the boom's rotation (Schedule 3).
Sources: Safe Work Australia: model WHS Regulations (5 December 2025)
What the business must do
Regulation 85 puts the checking on the business, not just the worker. A person conducting a business or undertaking must not direct or allow a worker to carry out high risk work unless it sees written evidence that the worker holds the relevant licence. The same applies to a trainee's enrolment in the course, a certified worker inside the 60-day window described below, and anyone supervising a trainee's high risk work.
It must also keep a record of that written evidence: for at least 1 year after the high risk work is carried out, or for a supervisor, for at least 1 year after the last occasion they performed the supervision. Regulation 84 separately requires a trainee's supervisor to provide direct supervision, meaning directing, demonstrating, monitoring and checking the work, and being able to respond in an emergency, unless the task makes that impracticable or unnecessary and the reduced supervision puts nobody at risk.
In practice this is a register problem: which workers hold which classes, when each licence expires, and where the evidence sighted for each job is kept.
Sources: Safe Work Australia: model WHS Regulations (5 December 2025)
When a licence is not required
Regulation 82 lists the exceptions. A person does not need the licence while training towards the certification under the supervision of a licensed person, or while an accredited assessor is assessing their competency.
A person who holds the certification from the specified VET course may work without the licence for 60 days after the certification is issued. If they apply within those 60 days, they may continue until the licence is granted, or until 28 days after they are given written notice that it has been refused.
Work with plant needs no licence when it is done solely to manufacture, test, trial, install, commission, maintain, service, repair, alter, demolish or dispose of the plant at that workplace, or to move it within the workplace, including loading it onto or off a vehicle. The plant must be operated without a load, except standard weight loads with predetermined fixing points used for calibration. A licensed rigger may set up or dismantle a crane or hoist without a crane operator licence, and a heritage boiler needs no boiler licence.
Sources: Safe Work Australia: model WHS Regulations (5 December 2025)
Key facts you can cite
A high risk work licence expires 5 years after the day it is granted unless it is cancelled earlier, under regulation 92 of the model WHS Regulations.
Source: Safe Work Australia, model WHS Regulations, checked 21 September 2026
An applicant for a high risk work licence must be at least 18 years of age (regulation 89 of the model WHS Regulations).
Source: Safe Work Australia, model WHS Regulations, checked 21 September 2026
Schedule 3 of the model WHS Regulations sets out 29 classes of high risk work licence, from basic scaffolding to reciprocating steam engines.
Source: Safe Work Australia, model WHS Regulations, checked 21 September 2026
A business must see written evidence of a worker's licence before directing or allowing high risk work, and keep that record for at least 1 year (regulation 85).
Source: Safe Work Australia, model WHS Regulations, checked 21 September 2026
A boom-type elevating work platform needs a licence when its boom is 11 metres or more, measured as the greater of platform height and horizontal reach (Schedule 3).
Source: Safe Work Australia, model WHS Regulations, checked 21 September 2026
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Why it matters
High-risk work can cause serious injury or death if performed by someone without the right training and assessment. Licensing ensures operators have demonstrated competency for the specific class of work. For a PCBU, allowing unlicensed high-risk work is a serious breach, so verifying and tracking licence currency across a workforce is a core safety and compliance task, particularly where licences carry expiry dates.
How MapTrack helps
MapTrack can record operator licences and competencies against workers and the equipment they are authorised to use, with reminders before expiry, helping ensure only licensed people operate high-risk plant.
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Frequently asked questions
What work requires a high risk work licence?
Licensed high risk work in Australia includes operating various classes of crane and hoist, forklift and order-picking forklift operation, operating boilers and certain pressure equipment, dogging and rigging, and erecting, altering or dismantling scaffolding from which a person or object could fall more than 4 metres. Schedule 3 of the model WHS Regulations sets out 29 licence classes, and state and territory regulators issue the licences.
Do high risk work licences expire?
Yes. Under regulation 92 of the model WHS Regulations, a high risk work licence expires 5 years after the day it is granted unless it is cancelled earlier, and it must be renewed to stay valid. Because an expired licence means a worker is no longer authorised to perform that high risk work, organisations need a reliable way to track licence classes and expiry dates so they can arrange renewals and avoid allowing unlicensed work.
Related terms
Competency Management
Competency management is the systematic process of defining, assessing, tracking, and developing the skills, knowledge, qualifications, and experience that workers need to perform their roles safely and effectively. In asset-intensive industries, competency management covers trade licences, equipment-specific certifications (e.g. forklift, crane, elevated work platform), safety inductions, training completions, and ongoing professional development. The process typically involves defining competency requirements for each role, verifying that workers hold the required qualifications, tracking expiry dates for licences and certifications, scheduling refresher training before credentials lapse, and maintaining auditable records. In Australia, WHS Regulations require PCBUs to ensure that workers are competent to perform high-risk work, and licences for specific high-risk work categories are issued by state and territory regulators. A mature competency management system also includes a skills gap analysis that identifies where current workforce capabilities fall short of operational or regulatory requirements, enabling targeted recruitment, training investment, and succession planning for critical operational roles.
Person Conducting a Business or Undertaking (PCBU)
A person conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU) is the legal concept used in Australian Work Health and Safety (WHS) law to identify who holds the primary duty of care for safety. A PCBU is usually a company, partnership, sole trader, or other organisation rather than an individual. It must ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health and safety of workers and other people affected by its activities.
Site Induction
A site induction is a structured orientation process that familiarises workers, contractors, and visitors with the specific hazards, safety rules, emergency procedures, and operational requirements of a worksite before they commence work or enter designated areas. In Australia, WHS Regulations require PCBUs and principal contractors to ensure that all persons entering a construction site or other high-risk workplace are inducted with information relevant to their safety. A comprehensive site induction covers site layout and access routes, emergency assembly points and evacuation procedures, hazard-specific controls (e.g. overhead work, mobile plant, confined spaces), PPE requirements, permit-to-work procedures, reporting obligations for incidents and hazards, and any site-specific rules such as speed limits, exclusion zones, or drug and alcohol policies. Inductions may be site-specific (covering the unique characteristics of one location) or general (covering company-wide safety standards). Digital induction platforms have largely replaced paper-based sign-in sheets, enabling workers to complete inductions on their own devices before arriving on site, reducing delays at the gate and creating searchable records of who has been inducted, when, and for which site.
WHS compliance software
WHS compliance software is a digital WHS management system that helps organisations meet Work Health and Safety obligations by managing inspections, incident records, risk assessments, corrective actions, contractor compliance, regulatory reporting and audit trails. It replaces paper registers, spreadsheets and email chains with a searchable system of record that shows what was checked, when it was checked, who completed it, what failed and what evidence was attached.
Plant and Equipment
The plain meaning of plant and equipment is the physical assets a business uses to carry out work: machinery, vehicles, tools, appliances, containers, implements and fixed installations. In Australian WHS language, plant includes any machinery, equipment, appliance, container, implement or tool, plus related components and fittings. In accounting, plant and equipment is usually treated as property, plant and equipment (PPE), a non-current capital asset rather than consumable inventory.
Cite this definition
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A high risk work licence (HRWL) is a licence required under Australian Work Health and Safety law for a person to carry out certain types of high-risk work.
- Short attribution
- MapTrack Glossary: High Risk Work Licence (HRWL), https://www.maptrack.com/glossary/high-risk-work-licence
- Reference list
- MapTrack. (2026). High Risk Work Licence (HRWL) [Glossary definition]. Retrieved from https://www.maptrack.com/glossary/high-risk-work-licence
Free to reuse with credit under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. If you’d rather link straight to it, the page is https://www.maptrack.com/glossary/high-risk-work-licence.
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